A significant percentage of homicides and disappearances registered in recent years are concentrated in certain regions of the country, including several of Mexico’s most populous states. The overwhelming majority of the tens of thousands of people the government reports as disappeared were taken in the past 15 years. Shoot-outs with security forces trigger increases in local homicide rates. Arrests and killings of kingpins have fostered the fragmentation of criminal groups, leading to increased violence. Homicides increased dramatically from the Calderón presidency onwards (see figure 1). The results of the militarized war on crime have been catastrophic. López Obrador has distanced himself from the kingpin strategy, although there have been examples of kingpin arrests during his time in office. In short, despite some variations, militarization has morphed from a supposedly temporary measure into a long-term strategy.Īs another component of the anti-crime model, successive Mexican administrations have targeted drug kingpins for arrest, a tactic in which Navy special forces (belonging to the Secretaría de Marina, SEMAR) have played a leading role with United States support. As of today, the armed forces also continue to participate directly in security tasks. Under López Obrador, the territorial deployment of security forces includes an ever-growing contingent of National Guard (a force whose militarized nature will be analyzed below). President Enrique Peña Nieto would repeat, with some differences, the same cycle during his 2012-2018 presidency: having touted the creation of a new federal security force, the Gendarmerie, he ended up maintaining military deployment throughout his term. In the end, militarization continued throughout the Calderón administration. However, those reforms did not bring about the level of change needed to achieve police effectiveness and accountability. His government initiated a series of militarized security operations, leading to thousands of armed clashes involving military forces and tens of thousands of arrests by military troops.Ĭalderón also oversaw reforms to the country’s civilian policing structure he stated that his long-term objective was for civilian authorities to take over public security tasks. Although military participation in policing and anti-drug tasks in Mexico was not new, the Calderón presidency ushered in the military’s current, central role in the anti-crime strategy. Upon taking office in December 2006, President Felipe Calderón declared an all-out war on crime. Militarization’s Failure to Curb Violence Plans for necessary civilian police reform remain unclear in this context, as do strategies to address the multiple structural factors that drive violence in Mexico. The sum of these two legal instruments is not encouraging: even if the armed forces withdraw from policing tasks by 2024, those tasks would remain in the hands of another militarized institution - the National Guard. Despite forming part of the civilian Ministry of Security and Citizen Protection, the National Guard is a militarized force that operates under the coordination of the Ministry of Defense ( Secretaría de la Defensa Nacional, SEDENA). Likewise, this month marks the second anniversary of the law that created the National Guard, the new federal security force proposed by López Obrador. This month marks the one-year anniversary of López Obrador’s Presidential Agreement assigning a range of policing tasks to the armed forces until 2024. However, López Obrador has failed to demilitarize public security on the contrary, he has deepened various aspects of the militarized model. As president, he has implemented social programs that, he believes, will address economic causes of insecurity. ” He reiterated in his successful 2018 campaign that he would redesign the country’s anti-violence strategy. In 2016, he strongly criticized the war-on-crime model, declaring that coercive and militarized measures “ don’t solve anything. In 2012, then-candidate Andrés Manuel López Obrador stated that, should he become president, he would take the military off the streets and leave a professionalized federal police force in its place. Since December 2006, Mexico has registered approximately 350,000 homicides and the government reports 85,000 disappeared and missing people. Since the intensification of the war on crime in Mexico nearly fifteen years ago-characterized by the deployment of the armed forces and the targeting of drug kingpins-annual homicides have more than tripled.
0 Comments
Throckmorton County Memorial Hospital Throckmorton, TX 76483 (TSA-D) Expires. These regional trauma centers play a central role in responding to community emergencies, saving lives and returning those who are seriously injured back to their communities and families. The Medical Center of Southeast Texas Port Arthur, TX 77640 (TSA-R) Expires The Womans Hospital of Texas Houston, TX 77054 (TSA-Q) Expires. Emergency physicians and nurses assess, resuscitate, stabilize and initiate a transfer, if necessary. The Trauma Center has also been designated as a Level II Trauma Center by the Texas Department of Health and Human Services. Johnson Hospital Level III trauma center provides comprehensive medical and surgical services to patients in northeast Houston who do not require neurosurgical consult or treatment. The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), the Staffed by physicians fromīaylor College of Medicine, this Houston trauma center provides the highest level of comprehensive care for patients with serious injuries or illness. UMC has the only Level I Trauma Center with in 280 miles treating major traumatic injuries from incidents such as motor vehicle accidents, gun shot wounds. With an international reputation for excellence, theīen Taub Hospital Ginni and Richard Mithoff Trauma Center is one of only two Level I trauma centers in Harris County. I and 32 Level II PTCs verified by the ACS died, differences Near you IV trauma designation /a > Map of trauma facilities 76508 ( TSA-L ). With that being said, the trauma criteria here is pretty close to where I went to medical school in Texas. Johnson Hospital’s Level III Trauma Center (the busiest in the state) are living proof of the medical trauma expertise of the dedicated staff. The 'level 2 trauma center houston' is a level 1 trauma center that is located in Houston. 10 Designation based on population density, admission volumes, or geographic location is essential for responsible use of resources. Thousands of people who have received lifesaving care at Ben Taub Hospital’s Level I Trauma Center or at Lyndon B. The number of designated level IIII trauma centers has increased by 38.9 in Texas since 2010 with 22 institutions ‘in active pursuit of (trauma) designation’. While no one expects to experience a trauma, it can happen to anyone, any time, any place.
|